On the most basic level, moisturisers hold water in the outermost layer of skin. They also act as a temporary barrier, allowing damaged surface cells time to repair themselves. Many moisturisers contain some combination of humectants and emollients, as well as other ingredients.
Keep in mind that there's no guarantee that any moisturiser will live up to all of its claims. Moisturisers are considered cosmetics so there is little official regulatory control. This means that products don't need to undergo rigorous testing for safety and effectiveness before going to market.
Which Moisturiser is Best for You?
The moisturiser that's best for you depends on many factors, including your skin type, your age and whether you have specific conditions, such as acne. For general guidelines, consider the following:
- Normal Skin: Neither too dry nor too oily, to maintain this natural moisture balance you should use a water-based moisturiser that has a light, non greasy feel. These moisturisers often contain lightweight oils, such as cetyl alcohol, or silicone-derived ingredients, such as cyclomethicone.
- Dry Skin: To restore moisture to dry skin, choose a heavier, oil-based moisturiser that contains urea or propylene glycol — chemicals that help keep your skin moist. For very dry, cracked skin, oils are preferable. They have more staying power than creams do and are more effective at preventing water from evaporating from your skin.
- Oily Skin: Oily skin is prone to acne and breakouts. Though oily, such skin still needs moisture, especially after using skin-care products that remove oils and dry out the skin. In addition, a light moisturiser can help protect your skin after washing. Be sure to pick an oil-free, water-based product and look for products labeled "noncomedogenic," which means it won't clog pores.
- Sensitive Skin: Use a moisturiser that doesn't contain potential allergens, such as fragrances or dyes, and is specifically designed for sensitive skin.
- Mature Skin: As you age, your skin tends to become drier because your oil-producing glands become less active. To keep your skin soft and well hydrated, choose an oil-based moisturiser that contains petrolatum as the base, along with lactic acid or alpha hydroxy acids. These ingredients help hold in moisture and prevent flaky, scaly skin.
To Make the Most of Your Moisturizing Routine:
- Find a moisturiser that fits your type and makes your skin look and feel soft.
- Keep in mind that cost has no relationship to effectiveness. Just because a moisturiser is expensive, doesn't mean it's more effective than a cheaper product
- Apply moisturisers immediately after bathing.
- Pat or blot your skin until it's just barely dry, then apply moisturiser immediately to help trap water in the surface cells.
- Apply moisturiser to your hands and dry as needed. Apply after bathing, showering or washing your hands.
If a moisturiser doesn't improve the condition of your skin or you notice skin problems after using a moisturiser, see your doctor or dermatologist. He or she can help you create a personalized skin-care plan by assessing your skin type, evaluating your skin's condition and recommending moisturisers likely to be effective.
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